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Macario sakay (Click to select text)
Macario Sakay Contradictory to accepted belief, Philippine struggle to American regime did not conclude with the arrest of Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901. There were a lot of struggling forces fighting for Philippine autonomy awaiting the year 1910. One of these forces was headed by Macario Sakay who instituted the Tagalog Republic. Born in 1870 in Tondo, Macario Sakay had a plebeian personal history. He started out as an trainee in a Calesa manufacturing depot. He was also a tailor, a barber, and an performer in Comedias and Moro-Moros. His involvement in Tagalog stage shows exposed him to the world of love, boldness, and discipline. In 1894, Sakay joined the Dapitan, Manila branch of the Katipunan. Due to his commendable work, he turn out to be head of the local office. His every night activities as an actor in Comedias disguised his taking part in the Katipunan. Sakay supported in the operation of the Katipunan press. In the early days of the Katipunan, Sakay worked with Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto. He battled alongside with Bonifacio in the hills of Morong (now Rizal) Province. Throughout the primary periods of the Filipino-American war, Sakay was imprisoned for his subversive behavior. He had been caught developing some Katipunan chapters and advocating its principles from town to town. Freed in 1902 as the upshot of an official pardon, Sakay began with an assembly of other Katipuneros the Republika ng Katagalugan in the mountains of Southern Luzon. Sakay held the presidency and was also called "Generalisimo." Francisco Carreon was the vice-president and dealt with Sakay's correlation. Julian Montalan was generally the administrator for military functions. Cornelio Felizardo took charge of the northern part of Cavite (Pasay-Bacoor) whereas Lucio de Vega controlled the rest of the province. Aniceto Oruga operated in the lake towns of Batangas. Leon Villafuerte headed Bulacan while Benito Natividad patrolled Tanauan, Batangas. Sakay as well as several of his followers prefered long hair, undoubtedly somewhat odd for his time. This affectation may have been exploited by the Americans in their efforts to portray Sakay and his men as brutish outlaws preying on the simple folk of the countryside. In April 1904, Sakay delivered a proposal asserting that the Filipinos had a primary claim to fight for Philippine independence. The American occupiers had already made support for independence, even through words, a crime. Sakay also acknowledged that they were bona fide revolutionaries and had their own constitution and an established government. They also had a flag. There were several other revolutionary manifestos written by the Tagalog Republic that would tend to disprove the U.S. government's claim that they were bandits. The Tagalog Republic's constitution was largely based on the early Katipunan creed of Bonifacio. For Sakay, the new Katipunan was simply a continuation of Bonifacio's revolutionary struggle for independence. In late 1904, Sakay and his men took military attacking against the enemy. They were successful in seizing ammunition and firearms in their raids in Cavite and Batangas. Disguised in Philippine Constabulary uniforms, they captured the U.S. military garrison in Paraρaque and ran away with a large amount of revolvers, carbines, and ammunition. Sakay's men often employed these uniforms to confuse the enemy. Using guerrilla warfare, Sakay would look for a chance to use a large number of his men against a small band of the enemy. They usually attacked at night when most of the enemy was looking for relaxation. Sakay severely punished and often liquidated suspected collaborators. The Tagalog Republic enjoyed the support of the Filipino masses in the areas of Morong, Laguna, Batangas, and Cavite. Lower class people and those living in barrios contributed food, money, and other supplies to the movement. The people also helped Sakay's men evade military checkpoints. They collected information on the whereabouts of the American troops and passed them on. Muchachos working for the Americans stole ammunition and guns for the use of Sakay's men.
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